I-Crucible: Isikhongozelo esingundoqo soMmandla{0}}oPhezulu weMetallurgy kunye neNzululwazi yeMathiriyeli

I-crucible sisikhongozeli sobushushu obuphezulu{0} esisetyenziselwa ukunyibilika, ukufudumeza, okanye ukusabela, edlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kwisinyithi, ubunjineli bekhemikhali, inzululwazi yemathiriyeli, kunye nophando lwaselabhoratri. Uyilo lwayo kufuneka lulungelelanise{2}}ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, uzinzo lwekhemikhali, kunye namandla omatshini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemo engqongileyo egqithisileyo.

Ngokusekelwe kwizinto zabo, ii-crucibles zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi. Izikhonkwane zegraphite zisetyenziswa kakhulu{1}}ekunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi okungeyontsimbi, okufana negolide kunye nesilivere, ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwazo okugqwesileyo kwe-thermal kunye nokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal. Iingqayi zeCeramic (ezifana ne-alumina okanye i-quartz) zifanelekile ukuphatha ukunyibilika kwe-acidic okanye ukungathathi hlangothi kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimvavanyo zetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo elebhu. Izikhonkwane zentsimbi (ezifana nentsimbi, nickel, okanye iplatinam) zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezisulungekileyo eziphezulu{4}. Izitya zePlatinam, ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwazo ngokugqithisileyo, ziye zaba sisixhobo esisemgangathweni wohlalutyo oluphezulu{6}}lokuphela kwemichiza.

Ngokusebenzayo, ii-crucibles azisetyenziselwanga kuphela ukunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye ne-alloys, kodwa zithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-ceramic sintering, i-glass melting, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-catalyst. Umzekelo, kwimveliso ye-silicon enye-yekristale ye-silicon, izikhephe zequartz zibamba isilicon etyhidiweyo, zenza iikristale eziphakamileyo{2}}ngendlela yeCzochralski. Kuhlalutyo lwesampulu yejoloji, izikhonkwane zeplatinam zikhusela iisampulu kungcoliseko ngexesha lobalo oluphezulu-lobushushu.

Itekhnoloji yale mihla iqhubele phambili ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kwiicrucibles. I-silicon ye-carbide crucibles ehlanganisiweyo idibanisa amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, izenza zilungele ukunyibilikiswa kwemizi-mveliso enkulu-. Ukuqaliswa kwethekhnoloji yokushicilela ye-3D yenze ukuba kudalwe ii-crucibles ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo oluthile.

Ngamafutshane, njengomphathi ophambili kwiinkqubo{0}}zobushushu obuphezulu, ii-crucibles ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka kwisayensi yezinto kunye nobunjineli, ukuxhasa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ukusuka kuphando olusisiseko ukuya kwimveliso yeshishini. Ngokuphumelela kwizinto ezitsha kunye nobugcisa bokuvelisa, imida yokusebenza ye-crucibles iya kwandiswa ngakumbi, ibonelele ngezisombululo ezithembekileyo zenzululwazi yobushushu obuphezulu.